Definition The pressure exerted by the Vapours of a liquid in its equilibrium state with the pure liquid at a given temperature is called vapour pressure. Explanation Consider a liquid is present in a bottle as shown. In the beginning the atmosphere above the surface of liquid is unsaturated but due to continuous evaporation the [...]
Definition The force acting per unit length on the surface of a liquid at right angle direction is called surface tension. Explanation Consider a liquid is present in a beaker. The molecules inside the liquid are surrounded by the other molecules of the liquid. So the force of attraction on a molecule is balanced from [...]
Definition The internal resistance in the flow of a liquid is called viscosity. Liquids have the ability to flow, but different liquids have different rates of flow. Some liquids like honey Mobil oil etc. flow slowly and are called viscous liquids while ether, gasoline etc. which flow quickly are called less viscous. Explanation The viscosity [...]
Solids are classified into two main classes. Crystalline Amorphous Crystalline Solids In a solid if the atoms are attached with each other with a definite arrangement and it also possesses a definite geometrical shape. This type of solid is called crystalline solid. e.g. NaCl, NiSO4 are crystalline solids. Amorphous Solids In these solids there is [...]
Partial Pressure In a gaseous mixture the individual pressure oxerted by a gas is known as partial pressure. When two or more gases which do not react chemically are mixed in the same container each gas will exert the same pressure as it would exert if it alone occupy the same volume. John Dalton in [...]
We know that gas molecules are constantly moving in haphazard direction, therefore when two gases are placed separated by a porous membrane, they diffuse through the membrane and intermix with each other. The phenomenon of mixing of molecules of different gases is called diffusion. In 1881, Graham established a relationship between the rates of diffusion [...]
According to general gas equation P V = n R T For 1 mole of a gas n = 1 P V = R T OR P V / T = R Consider for a known mass of a gas the volume of the gas is V1 at a temperature T1 and pressure P1. Therefore [...]
When Pressure is Expressed in Atmosphere and Volume in Litres or dm3 According to general gas equation P V = n R T OR R = PV / nT For 1 mole of a gas at S.T.P we know that V = 22.4 dm3 or litres T = 273 K (standard temperature) P = 1 [...]
In 1811, a scientist Avogadro’s established a relationship between the volume and number of molecules of the gas, which is known as Avogadro’s law. Statement Equal volume of all gases contains equal number of molecules under the same condition of temperature & pressure. Mathematically it may be represented as V 8 n OR V = [...]
There are different scales for the measurement of temperature such as Celsius ºC and Fahrenheit ºC. Similarly another scale known as absolute scale or Kelvin scale is determined on the basis of Charles law. On the basis of Charles law we known that the volume of the gas changes to 1/273 times of its original [...]
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